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The Fifth Era: 1935-1939 and the War Years
Society of Arts and Science

During the years 1935 to 1939, Walter Russell and Thomas J. Watson continued the work, but during the war years, there was almost complete cessation of the work, though every year Thomas J. Watson held a large meeting at the Waldorf Astoria in New York, attended by about five thousand people, at which Walter Russell would give the banquet address.

1935, Alexis Carrel publishes Man, the Unknown

Alexis Carrell


French-American surgeon Alexis Carrell was the winner of the 1912 Nobel Prize in medicine, for his pioneer transplant work at the University of Chicago and with the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research.

Man, the Unknown was reprinted in America fifty times after the first publication, and was translated into eighteen languages.

“The science of man will be the task for the future. Man must now turn his attention to himself. The development of the science of man, even more than that of the other sciences, depends on immense intellectual effort. We must realize clearly that the science of man is the most difficult of all sciences. Science, which has transformed the material world, gives man the power of transforming himself. To progress again, man must remake himself.”